Daim npav ntse, tseem hu ua IC daim npav, yog hais txog daim npav uas IC cov ntxig encapsulated. Daim npav IC muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv, xws li muaj peev xwm loj cia, cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev ruaj ntseg, zoo tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam, cov cuab yeej thov nyiaj tsawg thiab cov thev naus laus zis, thiab tau siv dav hauv nyiaj txiag, kev ruaj ntseg rau pej xeem, tsheb thauj mus los, kev sib txuas lus, kev pabcuam, kev kho mob thiab lwm yam liaj teb.
Txij li xyoo 1984, Fabkis tau ua tiav zoo hauv kev siv IC daim npav hauv xov tooj thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Tuam Tshoj pib qhov npav tsim kub thaum xyoo 1993, thiab thev naus laus zis thiab thev naus laus zis tau zoo dua.
Cov ntaub ntawv yas ntawv rau IC daim npav ntau lawm yog hu ua cov khoom siv daim npav. Daim npav tam sim no siv cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no yog ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene 1, PVC (PVC), tsiaj (polyethylene terephthalate), PC (polycarbonate), PETG (hloov PET), etc. PVC yog cov khoom siv kho mob feem ntau siv, tab sis vim yog cov chlorine hauv PVC, nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Xyoo tsis ntev los no, nrog cov kev qhia ntxiv cov khoom tshiab thiab kev txhim kho nrawm ntawm IC card thev naus laus zis, cov ntaub ntawv siv rau daim npav cov khoom siv kuj tseem hloov qee qee daim npav tshiab cov ntaub ntawv uas yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab siab kub tiv taus thiab tuaj yeem khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev tau pib ua tiav, xws li PETG, PC, PC / PBT, thiab lwm yam khoom muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv, thiab yuav tsum xaiv raws li kev xav tau sib txawv.
2. kev qhia ntawm kaki cov ntaub ntawv
2.1 PVC cov khoom siv
Cov khoom siv roj hmab PVC (PVC) cov roj hmab yog cov khoom siv sib txuam, vim tias cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm txhua feem, qhov zoo li qhov sib txawv. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv pob tshab, kuj muaj cov ntaub ntawv opaque: qee qhov muag thiab elastic, folding tsis kam; Kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv tawv thiab ua kom tsis zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo. Yuav luag txhua tus PVC yog me ntsis tshuaj lom, tab sis kuj muaj cov zaub mov qib PVC kua nplaum raws.
PVC tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov mos mos PVC thiab tawv tawv PVC. Qhov saum npoo tawv, lub zog tensile thiab lub zog ntawm cov tsis yeem PVC yog ze rau qhov ntsuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv engineering. Mos PVC feem ntau siv rau cov ntawv ntsa, pem teb, qab nthab thiab tawv tawv. Hard PVC ua nkig ntawm qhov kub tsawg, thiab nws yog rhiab hloov. Nws tsis tuaj yeem rov ua kom tiav tom qab kev hloov kho: mos mos PVC ua nyuaj thaum tsis kub, tsis zoo rau thermal stability thiab poob los ntawm cua kub
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, PVC daim npav khoom siv hauv paus tseem tseem nyob hauv kev faib tawm ntau ntawm cov khoom lag luam thaum ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab raws li cov khoom lag luam tau maj mam dhau los thiab siv. Qhov no vim tias nws tus nqi qis tsim khoom thiab ua haujlwm zoo dua. PVC zaj duab xis tuaj yeem luam tawm thiab kub nias yam tsis muaj kev kho mob. Yog li ntawd, nws tseem muaj zoo thov. Cov khoom siv PVC yog tsim rau daim npav saum npoo, thiab cov khoom sib nqus tau nqus, yuav tsum muaj daim npav IC nrog kos npe lossis convex thiab holographic kos npe. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog ib puag ncig thiab yuav tso tawm HCl roj ntawm qhov kub, uas yog qhov teeb meem ib puag ncig. Kev lag luam tau pib rau theem tawm PVC daim npav hauv paus.
Nrog rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam yas, qee cov PVC sib txuas tau tshwm sim, xws li PVC / ABS, PVC / PET, PVC / PE, thiab lwm yam, thiab lawv cov khoom tau zoo dua piv nrog PVC.
2. 2 COV TSIAJ
Tsiaj yog cov ntawv thermoplastic polymer, uas yog tsim los ntawm esterification ntawm terephthalic acid thiab glycol. Nws yog cov duab hluav taws xob polyester nrog pom qhov ua kom pom tseeb, melting ntawm 250 ℃ thiab lwj hauv 360 ℃: kev ua haujlwm kub ntau yog 280 ℃ txog 320 ℃ (saib Cov Lus 1); Tsiaj yog cov tsis muaj kob, pob tshab, siab hardness thiab tawv khoom. Yog li no, tus tsiaj yog cov khoom siv los ua yeeb yaj kiab thaij duab, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov kab xev tawm sab nrauv thiab cov kab xev. PET cov ntaub ntawv zaj duab xis muaj lub ntiajteb txawj nqus tsawg, tsis muaj hygroscopic, siab rwb thaiv tsev thiab pob tshab, cov yam ntxwv zoo heev, deformation me me, theem zoo coj tsis kam, zoo tshuaj corrosion tsis kam, siab nto tag thiab kev pab lub neej ntev ntawm daim npav. Lub caij no, tus tsiaj kuj yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Sab qab teb ntawm no
PET cov khoom siv dav siv hauv daim npav ua kev lag luam.
PET zaj duab xis cov khoom yog tsim los ntawm ob-txoj kev kos duab. Tom qab biaxial ncab, pib thaum pib cov ntsiab lus macromolecular saw crystallizes raws cov kev taw qhia kev ncab. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov saw hlau molecular nyob rau hauv txhua txoj hauj lwm ntawm zaj duab xis tsis sib thooj, qhov me dua deformation ntawm cov saw hlau muaj lub zog tau txav los ze rau ntawm txoj kab nruab nrab, thiab cov kev taw qhia tsis sib thooj. Cov kev taw qhia dav dav yog maj mam nce ob sab ntawm txoj kab nruab nrab, thiab lub ntsuas qhov sib txawv yog qhov sib npaug nrog cov tensile piv. Yog li, PET cov khoom yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv khub thaum siv. Yog tias qhov kev ntxhov siab ntxhov siab ntawm cov khoom siv tsis tau them rau, qhov kev hloov deformation ntawm cov khoom siv polymer ntawm ob sab ntawm daim npav lub cev yog qhov tsis sib xws, uas yuav ua rau kev tawm tsam ntawm daim npav lub cev.
Lub qub xeev ntawm cov khoom PET tsis haum rau luam ntawv thiab kub nias tsevneeg, uas yuav tsum tau kho saum npoo. Cov nplaim tsiaj ua kom yooj yim luam tawm thiab khi. Tam sim no, kev tshawb fawb tsom rau kev txhim kho nws cov antistatic, luam ntawv kev yoog thiab adhesion.
Qhov kev hloov kho saum npoo yog tsuas yog kho los ntawm corona, gluing thiab lub teeb ci, uas ua rau cov haujlwm ua haujlwm. Ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev luam tawm thiab kev sib khi.
Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv cov tsiaj yog coated nrog ib txheej ntawm kub yaj nplaum ntawm cov tsiaj. Piv txwv li, EVA, thiab qee qhov yog coj los ua kom tsis muaj qhov qis melting point polyester compound ntawm cov tsiaj saum npoo los ntawm sab saum toj photopolymerization grafting thev naus laus zis, thiaj li txhawm rau txhim kho kev luam ntawv thiab kev nplaum. DuPont muaj hom tsiaj tiv thaiv yeeb yaj kiab, uas muaj npe hu ua melinex PETF 3368. Zaj duab xis yog tsim los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb los hloov cov crystallization xeev ntawm cov tsiaj thiab co extrude nrog cov tsiaj zoo tib yam PET. Qhov no daim npav puag cov khoom siv tuaj yeem pab txhawb ntau lub tshuab luam ntawv, thiab tuaj yeem sib raug zoo nrog daim npav lub cev sai ntawm 120 ℃ thiab cov txheej txheem sib khi yog cuam tshuam tsis tau. Cov khoom siv no tau siv dav hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Asmeskas, tab sis vim nws cov nqi siab, tsuas muaj qee cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws Suav.
Vim tias PET zaj duab xis xav tau kev luam tawm lossis luam tawm cov qauv ntawm ntau lub sijhawm, kev kho cov npoo hluav taws xob kuj yog cov ncauj lus kub. Raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm PET zaj duab xis, cov teeb meem tuaj yeem daws los ntawm kev txau lossis txau cov kua ua cov kua ua kom ua kua, antistatic sib cais rau saum npoo ntawm PET zaj duab xis cov ntaub ntawv. Lub koom haum tshawb nrhiav thawj zaug ntawm Ministry of the public security muaj kev nplua nuj nyob hauv daim teb no. Qee cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv zoo li qub tau siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj loj, thiab tau tiav qhov ua tau zoo heev los tiv thaiv zoo li qub.
2-3 ABS
ABS yog ib hom ntawm lub teeb daj opaque particle ABS nrog lub siab gloss thiab yog cov khoom siv tsis yog crystalline, nrog qhov tshwj xeeb hnyav me ntsis hnyav dua li dej (saib Cov Lus 1). ABS cov khoom siv muaj cov rigidity siab thiab nruab nrab tensile lub zog: nws muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo corrosion thiab saum npoo tawv, zoo tawv thiab cuam tshuam, yooj yim txheej txheem, fluidity muaj zog, yooj yim luam tawm thiab zas xim.
Cov ntaub ntawv ABS sib txawv tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev hloov tus piv ntawm peb lub monomers thiab qauv qauv hauv ob theem. Cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm ABS cov khoom kuj sib txawv. Feem ntau hais lus, txhua yam ntawm ABS cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov lus zoo, lub siab tawv, lub peev xwm, kev siv lub cev, cov khoom siv khoos thiab lwm yam ntxwv. Vim tias nws yooj yim sau thiab electroplating kev kho saum npoo thiab qhov loj me yog qhov ruaj khov, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau ua daim npav puag cov khoom siv. Ib qho kev tsis zoo ntawm ABS raws li daim npav puag cov khoom siv yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem luam tawm nrog cov cim convex. Tsis tas li ntawd, ABS muaj huab cua tsis zoo tiv thaiv, laus yooj yim, thim thiab xov tooj ntawm lub xov tooj txawb daim npav siv PVC + ABS sib xyaw. Cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qhov kub thiab puag ncig ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Yog tias qhov kev siv ib puag ncig ntawm daim npav lub cev xav tau thaum tshav kub kub ua haujlwm thiab nplaim taws rov qab, ABS daim npav puag khoom yuav siv feem ntau.
2.4 PC thiab nws cov khoom siv alloy
1) PC (polycarbonate) yog tawv thiab tawv, muaj lub teeb kom pom tseeb. Qhov saum npoo muaj qhov ci siab thiab cov neeg siv tshuab nyob ze ntawm nylon: kev cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm, siab kub ua hauj, kev sib txhuam thiab tiv thaiv
Kev ntxhov siab tawg (saib Cov Lus 1), uas tuaj yeem o nyob rau hauv chav thiab ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic thiab ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab tawg. Cov khoom siv PC muaj qhov ua rau kub thiab xav tau qhov siab rau cov khoom siv daim npav lamination. Qee daim npav hauv Tebchaws Meskas siv cov khoom siv PC, thiab qee daim npav high-end yog tsim los ntawm PC hauv npav daim npav hauv tebchaws. Vim tias cov pa roj carbon ntau ntawm PC thiab tsis muaj teeb meem roj tso tawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, cov khoom siv PC tuaj yeem siv rau laser etching thiab los tiv thaiv cuav.
2) PC alloy khoom, piv nrog PC, PC alloy khoom tau dav siv rau nws cov khoom ua haujlwm zoo. PC PBT yog kev sib xyaw ntawm PC thiab PBT, uas khaws cia qhov zoo ntawm ob qho tib si: kev ua haujlwm kub zoo, kev nyuaj siab tawg tsis kam, siab nto hardness, siab rigidity thiab tawv. Cov khoom siv no yog siv los ua cov cuab yeej loj lossis meej, xws li rooj plaub xov tooj ntawm tes lossis tsheb ntsuas lub tsheb, thiab lwm yam nws cov khoom siv yeeb yaj kiab kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov khoom siv hauv npav, uas muaj cov ntawv luam tawm zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Ge thiab Mitsubishi muaj cov khoom siv yeeb yaj kiab ntawm cov khoom siv, uas tau siv dav hauv Japanese phaib.
Lwm qhov yog PC / ABS yas: PC ABS muaj qhov yooj yim ntxiv cov cuab yeej ntawm ABS, thiab muaj cov tshuab zoo thiab thermal stability ntawm PC, siab nto hardness, siab rigidity thiab toughness, siab ntxhov siab tawg tsis kam: cov khoom siv cav yog nruab nrab ntawm ABS thiab PC Cov. Cov ntoo carnivore no yog siv tsawg dua.
2．5 PETG
PETG yog ib hom polyester uas tau hloov kho los ntawm copolymerization ntawm ethylene glycol (xws li) thiab terephthalic acid (TPA) polycondensated polyester (PET) los ntawm 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol (CHDM), thiab yog amorphous copolyester. Cov khoom siv muaj qhov siab pob tshab, siab tiv cuam tshuam, siab hardness thiab zoo kub tsis tshua muaj siab. Nws yog dav siv hauv cov liaj teb, ntawv qib siab ntsws zaj duab xis, profile, khoom ua si, khoom noj khoom haus, qib ntim cov khoom ntim khoom, thiab lwm yam.
PETG tau siv ntau dua thiab ntau dua hauv daim npav kev lag luam vim tias nws muaj qhov kub qis dua ntawm kev sib ntxiv (li 100%), lub zog ntawm lub tshuab muaj zog thiab cov coj tau yooj yim, siab dua pob tshab, cov lus zoo dua li PVC, yooj yim luam tawm thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig zoo.
PETG cov ntaub ntawv siv dav dav hauv kev them nyiaj hluav taws xob thiab cov ntawv teev keeb kwm nyob hauv Europe, Asmeskas thiab Elben. Visa tau pom zoo PETG raws li nws daim npav puag khoom siv. PETG tau siv los ua daim npav ua cov khoom siv rau qee cov npav qib siab thiab cov ntawv pov thawj tseem ceeb hauv Suav teb.
Cov tuam ntxhab ntawm PETG cob nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb feem ntau yog Eastman tuam txhab thiab tuam txhab SK. Cov tuam ntxhab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv puag yog txhua qhov yuav khoom PETG yas thiab cov mis ntxiv rau t-forming daim hlau, cov ntawv txheeb, cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab lwm yam los ntawm kev calendering lossis casting. Tam sim no, muaj plaub qhov chaw tsim khoom ntawm PETG cov ntaub ntawv, txhua tus siv cov khoom siv Eastman resin los tsim cov npav cov khoom siv.